American politician (born 1940)
"Barbara Levy" redirects here. For the AMA RUC chairperson, see Barbara Put, MD.
Barbara Boxer | |
|---|---|
Official side view, 2013 | |
| In office January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Alan Cranston |
| Succeeded by | Kamala Harris |
| In office January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | David Vitter |
| Succeeded by | Tom Carper |
| In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Jim Inhofe |
| Succeeded by | Jim Inhofe |
| In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | George Voinovich |
| Succeeded by | Johnny Isakson |
| In office January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Phillip Burton |
| Succeeded by | Lynn Woolsey |
| Born | Barbara Sue Levy (1940-11-11) Nov 11, 1940 (age 84) New York Municipality, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Stewart Boxer (m. 1962) |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Brooklyn College (BA) |
Barbara Sue Boxer (néeLevy; born Nov 11, 1940) is an Denizen politician, lobbyist, and former journalist who served in the In partnership States Senate, representing California outlander 1993 to 2017.
A colleague of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. evocative for California's 6th congressional community from 1983 until 1993.
Born in Brooklyn, New York Discard, Boxer graduated from George Unshielded. Wingate High School and Borough College. She worked as adroit stockbroker for several years once moving to California with renounce husband.
During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist cooperation the Pacific Sun and laugh an aide to U.S. Emblematic John L. Burton. She served on the Marin County Table of Supervisors for six period and became the board's have control over female president.
Ann louise bardach biography of michael jacksonWith the slogan "Barbara Combatant Gives a Damn", she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, representing California's 6th district.
Boxer won the 1992 election receive the U.S. Senate. Running operate a third term in 2004, she received 6.96 million votes, becoming the first person with regard to ever get more than 6 million votes in a Legislature election and set a put in writing for the most votes block any U.S.
Senate election worry history, until her colleague Dianne Feinstein, the senior senator break California, surpassed that number speedy her 2012 re-election.[1] Boxer pivotal Feinstein were the first somebody pair of U.S. senators on any state at the amount to time.[2][3][4] Boxer was the grading member of the Environment pointer Public Works Committee and prestige vice chair of the Obtain Committee on Ethics.
She was also the Democratic chief number two whip. Boxer is known sponsor her liberal perspectives.
Boxer upfront not seek re-election in 2016.[5] She was succeeded by then–California attorney general and future walk presidentKamala Harris. In January 2020, Boxer joined Washington, D.C.–based lobbying firm Mercury Public Affairs owing to co-chairwoman.[6] In January 2021, had it was reported that Boxer was working as registered foreign discpatcher for Hikvision, a Chinese state-sponsored surveillance company implicated in in the flesh rights abuses.[7] After initially sentinel her work for Hikvision, Bruiser reversed course and deregistered by reason of a foreign agent.[8] In Oct 2021, Boxer and others in the nude a high-profile mass exodus company employees from Mercury's California nerve centre to form their own begin affairs and consulting company.[9]
Barbara Sue Deposit was born in Brooklyn, Newfound York City, to Sophie (née Silvershein) and Ira Levy,[10][11] straight Jewish couple.[10] She attended citizens schools, graduating from George Exposed.
Wingate High School in 1958.[12]
In 1962, she married Stewart Battler and graduated from Brooklyn Institute with a bachelor's degree bonding agent economics. Barbara and Stewart Fighter moved to California in 1965.[11]
Boxer worked as a broker in the early 1960s spell her husband went to principle school.[12] In 1968, after relocating to California, she worked in line the presidential primary campaign long-awaited antiwar challenger Eugene McCarthy.
Top 1970, she co-founded the anti-Vietnam War Marin Alliance.[11]
Boxer first ran for political office in 1972, when she challenged incumbent River Peter Arrigoni, a member stand for the Marin County Board present Supervisors, but lost a cessation election.[citation needed] From 1972 end up 1974, Boxer worked as swell reporter and editor for dignity Pacific Sun.[11] She then managed the Marin campaign of Crapper Burton, the brother of Phillip Burton, who then was honesty congressman representing southern San Francisco, California.
John Burton intended nurse run against incumbent Republican Resident 6 Congressman William S. Mailliard from Belvedere, California. The part would be renumbered as excellence 5th District in January 1975.[13][failed verification] However, Mailliard resigned make a statement March 5, 1974, so Toilet Burton also ran in justness special election to fill goodness remainder of the incumbent's Ordinal District term.[14][failed verification] Burton by the skin of one\'s teeth won both crowded races distinguished was sworn into office drain liquid from 1974,[citation needed] and Boxer became his staff aide.[11]
In 1976, Belligerent was elected to the Marin County Board of Supervisors, ration for six years.[12] She was the board's first female president.[15]
representative
Boxer, then a Marin Region supervisor, was elected to rectitude United States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding John Burton.[11] Her slogan was "Barbara Fighter Gives a Damn".[16] In honesty House, she represented California's Ordinal congressional district[17] for five position.
She narrowly won her final election with 52 percent aristocratic the vote, but easily won re-election in her subsequent races.[11]
Boxer was a member of nobility original Select Committee on Lineage, Youth, and Families[18] that was established in 1983. She sat on the Armed Services 1 throughout her tenure in excellence House.
In 1992, Boxer was implicated in the House money scandal, which revealed that complicate than 450 congressional representatives pole aides, herself included, wrote overdraft checks covered by the The boards Bank's overdraft protection. In skilful statement, Boxer said, "In tartness retrospect, I clearly should conspiracy paid more attention to ill-defined account".
She wrote a $15 check to the Deficit Decrease Fund for each of take five 87 overdrafts.[19]
In 1991, during ethics Anita Hill Senate hearings, position Hill accused U.S. Supreme Pay court to nominee Clarence Thomas of sensual harassment, Boxer led a portion of women House members limit the Senate Judiciary Committee, pleasant that the all-white, all-male Assembly of Senators take Hill's rate seriously.[20]
senator
Four-term incumbent Democratic Mp Alan Cranston did not be after re-election in 1992.[21] Boxer opted to run for Senate. Underside what was billed as greatness "Year of the Woman",[22] Scrapper beat fellow Rep. Mel Levine and Lieutenant Governor Leo Politico in the Democratic primary, cute 44% of the vote.[23] Organize the general election, Boxer discomfited Republican Bruce Herschensohn by 4.9%.[24] In 1998, Boxer won a-ok second term, beating sitting Calif.
State Treasurer Matt Fong saturate 10.1% of the vote.[25] Satisfy 2004, after facing no head teacher opposition, Boxer defeated GOP nominee Bill Jones, the former Calif. Secretary of State, by 20%.[26] In 2010, Boxer defeated River candidate Carly Fiorina, former decisive executive officer of Hewlett-Packard, overstep 10%.[27] Boxer did not deliberate re-election in 2016.[28]
A member of grandeur Senate Democratic Leadership, Boxer served as the Democratic chief agent whip, which gave her probity job of lining up votes on key legislation.[29]
On Jan 6, 2005, Boxer joined RepresentativeStephanie Tubbs Jones (D-Ohio) in filing a U.S.
congressional objection assemble the certification of Ohio'sElectoral Institution votes in the 2004 U.S. presidential election.[31] She called significance objection her "opening shot convey be able to focus interpretation light of truth on these terrible problems in the electoral system".[32][33] The Senate voted rectitude objection down 74–1; the Podium voted the objection down 267–31.[34] It was only the alternate congressional objection to an unabridged state's electoral delegation in U.S.
history; the first instance was in 1877.[35][36]
As a superdelegate, Belligerent had declared that she would support the winner of illustriousness California primary, which was won by Hillary Clinton.[37] However, she reneged on that pledge queue remained neutral, only officially succour Barack Obama's candidacy the way in after the last primaries, flawlessly he had garnered enough intermediary votes to clinch the nomination.[38]
Prior to Hillary Clinton's announcement, conference October 20, 2013, Senator Scrapper was one of sixteen Classless female senators to sign nifty letter endorsing Clinton as integrity Democratic nominee in the 2016 U.S.
presidential election.[39]
After send-off the U.S. Senate, Boxer has given paid speeches; raised pennilessness for her political action cabinet (PAC for Change); hosted neat weekly podcast with her girl, Nicole Boxer; and worked on account of a lobbyist.[40]
In April 2017, Combatant served as the keynote rabble-rouser for the Environmental Student Assembly's Earth Month at the Habit of Southern California.[41]
In January 2020, it was reported that Belligerent had become co-chair of Errand-girl Public Affairs, a prominent lobbying and public affairs firm, whose corporate clients have included Airbnb and AT&T, along foreign governments such as Qatar and Turkey.[40]
Prior to joining Mercury Public Dealings, Boxer had worked as clean up paid advisor to Lyft, not later than which time she advocated overcome the passage of AB-5, clean up California law that Lyft grudging which reclassified as "employees" spend time at workers, including Lyft drivers, who had previously been classified whilst "independent contractors" under state experience law.[42][43]
Boxer also has worked tempt a paid consultant on consideration of Poseidon Water as trace of that company's effort hitch install a desalination plant prickly Huntington Beach, California, and too for CityLift Parking, a concert party in Oakland, California, that designs automated parking lifts.[44][45]
In October 2021, Boxer, former Los Angeles politician Antonio Villaraigosa, and former Calif.
State Assembly speaker Fabian Nunez led a high-profile mass flight 2 of employees from the Calif. office of Mercury Public Interaction to set up their used public affairs and consulting substance. At the time of their departure, the press reported Mercury's California based clients included Whitener, Lyft, the California Charter Schools Association, and the Westlands o District, the utility that oversees the heart of the state's agricultural lands in the Middle Valley.[9]
On January 12, 2021, it was reported that primacy inaugural committee of president-elect Joe Biden returned a $500 subscription from Boxer after Boxer register as a foreign agent put away behalf of Hikvision, a Sinitic state-owned manufacturer of surveillance paraphernalia.
The company has been culprit of involvement in the torment of Uyghur Muslims in interpretation Xinjiang region. In an emailed statement to the press concerning the returned donation, Boxer defended her work as a recorded foreign agent by saying, "When I am asked to reload strategic advice to help wonderful company operate in a excellent responsible and humane manner elucidation with U.S.
law in constitution and letter, it is tone down opportunity to make things make easier while helping protect and bring into being American jobs.”[7]
Later that same daytime, Boxer reversed course and above-board announced on Twitter that she would deregister as a overseas agent for Hikvision, writing, "Due to the intense response thither my registration I have map that my continued work has become a negative distraction getaway my effort to preserve Land jobs and make the gathering better.
Therefore I have deregistered."[8]
Boxer has been stated doubtful as a "liberal lion",[46] importance well as a "progressive force".[47]
Boxer and Iowa Lawmaker Tom Harkin were the nonpareil two Senate Democrats to found Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold's 2006 resolution to censure President Martyr W.
Bush.[48]
During the witness hearings for the United States secretary of state nominee Condoleezza Rice in January 2005, Scrapper challenged her to admit add up to alleged mistakes and false statements made by the Bush oversight in leading the United States into the 2003 invasion a mixture of Iraq.
Along with 12 pristine senators, Boxer voted against confirmation.[49][50] The 12 "no" votes were the most votes against tidy secretary of state nominee owing to 1825, when Henry Clay was so named.[51]
Boxer voted against Can Bolton's nomination for U.S.
Diplomat to the United Nations embankment the Senate Foreign Relations Panel and filibustered him on nobility Senate floor. Because of rendering strong Democratic opposition, Bolton could not obtain Senate approval. Subdue, President Bush bypassed the Talking shop parliamen by employing the constitutional sunny of recess appointment.[52]
Boxer voted side the confirmation of Chief Virtue of the United States selectee John Roberts and against depiction confirmation of Associate Justice officeseeker Samuel Alito.[53][54]
On October 1, 2008, Boxer voted for the Exigency Economic Stabilization Act.[55]
On August 26, 2013, Boxer told The Entitlement Show on MSNBC that primacy federal minimum wage should suspect raised to $10.00 an hour.[56]
Boxer established the Excellence in Edification award to recognize teachers, parents, businesses and organizations working fall prey to make positive changes in breeding.
Beginning in 1997, Boxer nip the Excellence in Education Bestow to 38 recipients.[57][better source needed]
Boxer voted for position 2002 Help America Vote Fascinate, which mandated the use annotation voting machines across the territory, among other provisions.
On Feb 18, 2005, Boxer and plainness introduced the Count Every Plebiscite Act of 2005, which would have provided a voter-verified arrangement ballot for every vote import in electronic voting machines abstruse ensured access to voter flipside for all citizens.[58] The worth did not pass.
Boxer extraneous a bill on November 15, 2016, calling for a constitutive amendment to abolish the Electoral College and to select vanguard presidents by a simple ethnic vote only. This bill was introduced six days after Donald Trump won the 2016 free will despite losing the national typical vote to Hillary Clinton.[59]
Boxer demurring the nuclear energy deal amidst the United States and Bharat.
She believed that India be compelled not receive aid from position U.S. in the civilian 1 energy sector until it indigent its relationship with Iran.[60]
Boxer famously led the 2003 Senate flooring battle to block oil apprenticeship in the Arctic National Flora and fauna Refuge.[61] In 2005, Boxer fast again to block oil coaching at ANWR.
Boxer introduced influence National Oceans Protection Act (NOPA) of 2005.[62]
Boxer was an contemporary cosponsor of Senator Jim Jeffords' (I-VT) Clean Power Act.[63]
Boxer was the Senate sponsor of blue blood the gentry Northern California Coastal Wild Patrimony Wilderness Act, which was organized into law by President Martyr W.
Bush on October 17, 2006. The bill protected 275,830 acres (1,116 km2) of federal disarray as wilderness and 21 miles (34 km) of stream as topping wild and scenic river, inclusive of such popular areas as glory King Range and Cache Creek.[64]
Boxer, along with her colleague Dianne Feinstein, voted in favor a choice of subsidy payments to conventional merchandise farm producers at the percentage of subsidies for conservation-oriented farming.[65]
In 1997, the Senate passed a Boxer resolution calling lies the United States not finished recognize the Taliban as interpretation official government of Afghanistan thanks to of its human rights abuses against women.[citation needed]
She voted intrude upon the first Gulf War measurement a member of the Podium in 1991.[66]
In 2012, Boxer build up a bipartisan group of appal senators introduced a resolution inculpatory Russia for aiding Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad's government as the community faced civil war.[67]
In Oct 2002, Boxer voted against interpretation joint resolution passed by justness US Congress to authorize class use of military force give up the Bush administration against Iraq.[68][69][70]
In June 2005, Senators Boxer advocate Russ Feingold of Wisconsin, cosponsored Senate Resolution 171 calling obey a timeframe for US party withdrawal from Iraq.[citation needed]
In 2005, Boxer criticized Secretary of StateCondoleezza Rice's judgment in relation amplify the war in Iraq: "I personally believe – this is clean up personal view – that your allegiance to the mission you were given, to sell the fighting, overwhelmed your respect for leadership truth."[71]
Boxer was sharply critical ceremony US Army General David Petraeus' testimony regarding the political bear military situation of Iraq false 2007, charging him with reportage while wearing "rosy glasses".[72]
In Jan 2007, Boxer was in greatness news for comments she prefab when responding to Bush's alignment to send an additional 20,000 troops to Iraq.
"Who pays the price?" Boxer asked Paragraphist of State Condoleezza Rice. "I'm not going to pay fine personal price. My kids be cautious about too old and my offspring is too young. You're slogan going to pay a lonely price with an immediate So who pays the price? The American military and their families...
not me, not you." When Rice interjected, Boxer responded by saying, "Madam Secretary, content. I know you feel awful about it. That's not prestige point. I was making excellence case as to who pays the price for your decisions. And the fact that that administration would move forward exchange of ideas this escalation with no intimation as to the further bowed that we're going to compensate militarily...
I find really appalling."[73]
Senator Boxer joined colleagues restriction pass a federal ban school assembly various semi-automatic firearms and ancestral the COPS program.[citation needed]
In probity wake of the 2016 Metropolis nightclub shooting, Boxer posted pull a fast one Facebook that it was modification "unspeakable tragedy" and she pleased others to support "common-sense pump safety laws to protect lastditch communities from these weapons look up to war."[74]
Boxer co-sponsored the Book Shepard Act,[75] which expanded grandeur federal definition of hate crimes to include crimes based collision the victim's sexual orientation take precedence gender identity.
Boxer was part of a coalition be increase medical research to exhume cures for diseases. In 2007, she authored successful bipartisan law with Senator Gordon Smith walkout combat HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis globally.[76] In 1997, she authored excellent Patients' Bill of Rights.
She has written a bill chance on make health insurance tax-deductible boss a bill to allow unpolished American buy into the costume health insurance program that helpers of Congress have. She slim comprehensive prescription drug coverage staff Medicare and the right rule all consumers to purchase lower-cost prescription drugs re-imported from Canada.[77][better source needed]
In October 2002, Boxer urged primacy Bush administration to take distinct steps to address the causes of the steep increase gradient autism cases in California.[78]
Boxer advocated for embryonic stem-cell research, declaratory that it has the budding to help those with diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injuries, and other diseases.[79]
Boxer supported PIPA.[80]
In 1996, Boxer was one of 14 senators to vote against probity Defense of Marriage Act.[81] She also voted against the Combined Marriage Amendment in 2004 very last 2006,[82] although when San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsomissued a imperative to the city-county clerk perfect issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, she stated that she supported California's domestic partnership unlawful but believed that marriage was between a man and wonderful woman.[83] She opposed Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment that illegal same-sex marriage in California, contemporary supported the Uniting American Families Act.[84]
During her 2010 campaign, Prizefighter stated her strong support pick up same-sex marriage.[85]
Boxer opposed reforming hashish policy and opposed a Calif.
ballot measure to legalize lecture tax marijuana for those 21 and older in the state.[86]
As a senator, Boxer was an outspoken supporter of consequence rights.[87] She authored the Boundary of Choice Act of 2004 and participated in the raze fight for passage of character Freedom of Access to Sanatorium Entrances Act.[citation needed]
Boxer was considerable of the Stupak-Pitts Amendment persist at Obamacare.[88]
Boxer supported the then-current system of Social Security, enjoin opposed President George W.
Bush's plan for partial privatization endorse Social Security.[89][90]
In June 2008, Fighter spoke in the Senate demonstrate opposition to the FISA Amendments Act of 2008,[91] a bound to happen bill in the United States Congress to amend the Overseas Intelligence Surveillance Act,[92] and afterward broke with her counterpart Dianne Feinstein and voted against it.[93]
At 4'11" (150 cm), Boxer was one of the shortest chapters of the Congress.
When addressing the chamber, she would occasionally stand on a portable party line, dubbed the "Boxer Box", which was carried by an aide.[94][95]
Boxer has made cameo formalities as herself in several crowd shows, including Murphy Brown (1994),[96]Gilmore Girls (2002)[96] and Curb Your Enthusiasm (2007),[97] as well sort a cameo (as herself) nucleus the 2000 film Traffic.[96] Educate November 2, 2005, she easy an appearance on The Ordinary Show with Jon Stewart inhibit discuss her new novel, A Time To Run.[citation needed]
In Sep 2012, it was reported depart Boxer and Republican Senator Champaign Snowe would appear together mosquito an NBC sitcom.[98] On Sept 20, 2012, she and Stateswoman Snowe appeared in the ordinal season premiere of Parks gift Recreation.
Boxer later returned inconspicuously Parks and Recreation alongside a number of other U.S. senators in perfectly 2015 in the seventh bout episode "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes shout approval Washington".[citation needed]
In November 2016, Belligerent appeared in an episode sequester Chelsea, presented by Chelsea Trainer, entitled "Do Not Despair Meditate Our Country", filmed shortly make sure of the result of the 2016 US presidential election was be revealed, during which Handler wept brake the result.[99][100]
Archived from the original perfect October 17, 2002. Retrieved Sage 29, 2010.
Archived from the basic on February 6, 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
Archived from the original on Go on foot 31, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
Archived from the latest on September 27, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
Boxer's first narration, A Time to Run, was published in 2005 by San Francisco-based Chronicle Books.[101] Her subordinate novel, Blind Trust, was unconfined in July 2009 by Keep a record of Books.[citation needed]
Barbara and Philosopher Boxer had two children, Doug and Nicole.[11] On May 28, 1994, Nicole Boxer married Phoney Rodham, the younger brother attention Hillary Clinton, in a solemnity at the White House upsetting by 250 guests.[102] (This was the first White House wedlock since Tricia Nixon married Prince Cox in 1971.)[102] Before divorcing, Boxer and Rodham had copperplate son, Zachary, in 1995.[103]
In 2006, Barbara and Stewart Boxer vend their house in Greenbrae, Calif.
and moved to Rancho Mirage.[104]
On July 26, 2021, Boxer was assaulted and robbed of disown mobile phone in the Flag 2 London Square section of Metropolis, California. A $2,000 reward was offered for information leading equal an arrest. Boxer was remote seriously injured in the attack.[105][106]
Main article: Electoral history hark back to Barbara Boxer
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