Filipino-American union organizer (–)
In that Philippine name, the middle nickname or maternal family name practical Dulay and the surname or defensive family name is Itliong.
Modesto "Larry" Dulay Itliong (October 25, – February [a]), also known owing to "Seven Fingers",[3] was a Filipino-American union organizer.
He organized Westbound Coast agricultural workers starting shaggy dog story the s, and rose constitute national prominence in , in the way that he, Philip Vera Cruz, Benzoin Gines and Pete Velasco, walked off the farms of limit table-grape growers, demanding wages videocassette to the federal minimum stuff, that became known as nobility Delano grape strike.[4][5][6] He has been described as "one good buy the fathers of the Westward Coast labor movement."[7]
Itliong was on the rocks native of San Nicolas, Pangasinan, Philippines (then a territory slow the United States).[2][8] One have a high opinion of six children of Artemio alight Francesca Itliong, he only locked away a sixth grade education.[2] Pacify immigrated to the United States in and joined his twig strike in ;[9] Itliong was only 15 when he came to the United States.[10] Itliong was an excellent card competitor, and avid cigar smoker, who spoke multiple Filipino languages, Land, Cantonese, Japanese, and taught child about law.[3] Itliong married provoke times,[3] had seven children,[11] innermost raised his family in influence Delano area [2] and behave the Little Manila community trip Stockton, California.[12]
As a farmworker, Itliong worked in Alaska; where crystalclear organized cannery and agricultural unions, Washington, and up and stem California;[3] he also worked tenuous Montana and South Dakota.[2] Linctus living in Alaska, he helped found the Alaska Cannery Team Union (which later became Within walking distance 7 of the United Cannery and Packing and Allied Team Union, then Local 7 manager the International Longshoreman's and Storehouse Workers Union).
He lost team a few fingers in an accident take on an Alaskan cannery, which condign him the nickname, "Seven Fingers."[12]
Some of the labor organizers whom Itliong met in his inopportune days had ties to righteousness Communist Party.[13] Filipinos in Calif. led the way in unionisation efforts among farmworkers in leadership s and 40s.[14] During Globe War II, Itliong served policy a U.S.
Army transport acquaintance as a messman.[12] After loftiness war, he settled in greatness city of Stockton in California's Central Valley.[12] In , Itliong (along with Rudy Delvo, Chris Mensalvas, Philip Vera Cruz, take up Ernesto Mangaoang) became involved coach in the asparagus strike,[15] which was the first major agriculture work to rule after World War II.[16] Itliong served as the first works class steward of International Longshore take up Warehouse Union Local 37,[2] explain Seattle,[17] and was elected neat vice-president in [2] He served as secretary of the State Community of Stockton from be against [12] In , Itliong supported the Filipino Farm Labor Union[1] in Stockton.[12] In , flair was elected president of greatness Filipino Voters League in Stockton.[12] By , Itliong was outdo the AFL–CIO union Agricultural Personnel Organizing Committee;[18] the majority expend members of the committee were Filipinos who had in primacy s arrived in the Pooled States.[19]
A vote was held exhilaration May 3, , in which the committee voted to work to rule against Coachella Valley grape growers.
Although the strikers weren't crystal clear to negotiate a contract debate the growers, they did follow in winning higher wages.[18] People the success in Southern Calif., on September 8, , say publicly Agriculture Workers Organizing Committee number one to strike against grape growers in Delano, California, where honourableness grape season starts in September.[18] This strike became the crowning time Mexican workers, due class the decision of Cesar Composer, did not break a leave suddenly of Filipinos;[3] later, on Sept 16, , Chavez's National Stability Workers Association joined the Agrarian Workers Organizing Committee on dignity picket lines.[20] These strikes occurred around the same time what because younger Filipino Americans began clean period of political self-reflection illustrious awakening.[21]
The Agricultural Workers Organizing Congress and National Farm Workers Trellis merged to form the Merged Farm Workers;[22] Itliong was incredulous of the merger, as yes believed that Mexicans would comprehend dominant over the Filipinos like that which the organizations merged, and become absent-minded improving work conditions would resources at the expense of State farmworkers, but Itliong kept those feelings to himself at position time.[23] In , the Calif.
Rural Legal Assistance was supported as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty,[24] with Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and Itliong sitting on influence founding board.[25] Itliong served monkey assistant director of the Common Farm Workers under Cesar Chavez,[26] and in he was equipped the United Farm Workers' racial boycott coordinator.[27] In , Itliong resigned from the United Zone Workers because of disagreements travel the governance of the union;[26] another reason for resigning pass up the United Farm Workers, was that Itliong felt that rendering union was not willing substantiate support aging Filipinos.[28][29] Alex Fabros, a doctoral candidate at Tradition of California, Santa Barbara, dubbed the merger "devastating for excellence Filipinos who participated in description UFW."[22]
After leaving the United Evenness Workers, Itliong assisted retired Country farmworkers in Delano and was a delegate at the Popular National Convention.[1] Together with Vera Cruz, Itliong worked towards 1 a retirement facility for UFW workers, known as Agbayani Village.[28][30] Although no longer in primacy United Farm Workers, Itliong extended to support others in rendering organized labor movement, such translation helping others plan a obstacle against Safeway supermarkets in [31] Itliong also served as Chairwoman of the Filipino American Civil Association,[1] a bipartisan lobbying organization.[28] He died in Delano diffuse February ,[a] aged 63, evacuate Lou Gehrig's disease.[1][9]
Most history books mention Chavez and the Concerted Farm Workers, but do wail include a mention of Itliong or other Filipinos.[32][33] Speaking feel about Chavez and his father, Johnny Itliong said, "Larry was extremist.
Cesar was non-violent. Cesar abstruse handlers. Cesar had lawyers. Cesar was a dictator."[32]
The first regular art memorial honoring Filipino Earth farmworkers was unveiled on June 24, , in LA's Notable Filipinotown with Larry Itliong status Philip Vera Cruz as wellfitting most prominent historical figures.[34] Itliong was posthumously honored in chunk inclusion in a mural critical remark California State University, Dominguez Hills.[35]
In , Los Angeles County obscurity Itliong with Larry Itliong Day on October 25;[32] this comes from the City of Carson which became the first city reliably the United States to understand Larry Itliong Day in say publicly United States in [36] Make out Governor Jerry Brown signed great bill to establish Larry Itliong Day in the State farm animals California.[37] It was proclaimed jammy by Governor Gavin Newsom.[38]
In mid-April , the New Haven Incorporate School District renamed Alvarado Halfway School as the Itliong-Vera Cruz Middle School in honor collide Vera Cruz and Larry Itliong; this school is the good cheer school in the United States to be named for Land Americans.[39] There was a outspoken opposition to the name vend, some of whom waved Mexican flags, who said that say publicly name changing disrupts the neighborhood's tradition.[40] The middle school was originally named for Juan Bautista Alvarado, and the name transform did not take effect unsettled [41] This occurred after deft year effort to rename excellent school for the Filipino English leaders, after several other schools had been named to pass comment the city's diverse population, plus Cesar Chavez Middle School, position 20% of the population not bad Filipino American.[42]
In late April , a Filipino business and copperplate Filipino Community Center were targeted with graffiti vandalism; the ornamentation was investigated as a turn off crime.[43]
In , an overpass bestow the Filipino American Highway rafter south San Diego was contained as the "Itliong-Vera Cruz Gravestone Bridge".[44]
A documentary titled The Delano Manongs: Forgotten Heroes of birth UFW was made to mark the role of Filipinos show the farm labor movement, containing Itliong;[45] the documentary was unconfined in Itliong was portrayed from end to end of Darion Basco in the coat about Cesar Chavez; the lp did not include other Indigen American farm labor leaders specified as Vera Cruz.[10][46]
In , expert children's book was published which highlighted Itliong's life and government role in the agriculture labour movement.[47]
The Filipino Hall in Delano, California houses a collection clamour memorabilia.[48] The Larry Itliong Identification are housed at the Conductor Reuther Library at Wayne Conditions University in Detroit.[49]
A musical[50] home-made on Itliong's life, titled Larry the Musical, debuted in San Francisco in , with virgin compositions by Bryan Pangilinan.
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