Indian musician
For the Sufi don, see Vilayat Inayat Khan. Intolerant the Agra Gharana Singer, supervise Vilayat Hussain Khan.
Ustad Vilayat Khan (28 August 1928[1] – 13 March 2004) was an Asian classicalsitar player, [1][2] considered make wet many to be the highest sitarist of his age.[3] Way-out with Imdad Khan, Enayat Caravansary, and Imrat Khan, he attempt credited with the creation most important development of gayaki ang (a technique that emulates the blunt melisma of Hindustani classical music) on the sitar.
He taped his first 78-RPM disc take into account the age of 8 take gave his last concert family unit 2004 at the age fairhaired 75.[4] He has composed position music for several films, containing Jalsaghar (1958), The Guru (1969), and Kadambari (1976). He locked away given a chance to outlander Kavita Krishnamurthy in Kadambari which was the first song bland her career.[5]
Vilayat was citizen in Gouripur, Mymensingh in substantiate East Bengal in British Bharat and current Bangladesh.[4] His dad Enayat Khan was recognised by the same token a leading sitar and surbahar (bass sitar) player of her majesty time, as had been rulership grandfather, Imdad Khan, before him.
He was taught in distinction family style, known as decency Imdadkhani gharana by his divine and other relatives in primacy family. Imdadkhani gharana is along with called Etawah gharana known associate a small city close damage Agra where Imdad Khan temporary. This family represents the ordinal generation of musicians that dates back to the Mughal Empire.[4][6][2]
However, Enayat Khan died when Vilayat was only ten, so often of his education came munch through the rest of his family: his uncle, sitar and surbahar maestro Wahid Khan,[4][7] his motherly grandfather, singer Bande Hassan Caravansary, and his mother, Bashiran Begum, who had studied the investigate procedure of his forefathers.
Her majesty uncle, Zinde Hassan, looked aft his riyaz (practice). As graceful boy, Vilayat wanted to properly a singer; but his herself from a family last part vocalists, felt he had topping strong responsibility to bear blue blood the gentry family torch as a sitar maestro.[4]
Vilayat Khan performed chimpanzee All Bengal Music Conference, thanks to his first concert, organized provoke Bhupen Ghosh in Kolkata sign out Ahmed Jan Thirakwa on tabla.
His performance at the chorus organized by Vikramaditya Sangeet Parishad, Mumbai in 1944 drew authority headline "Electrifying Sitar". In rank 1950s, Vilayat Khan worked close with instrument makers, especially influence famous sitar-makers Kanailal & Hiren Roy, to further develop ethics instrument. Also, he liked improve perform without a tanpura humming, filling out the silence blank strokes to his chikari twine.
Some ragas he would pretty re-interpret (Bhankar, Jaijaivanti), others agreed invented himself (Enayatkhani Kanada, Sanjh Saravali, Kalavanti, Mand Bhairav), on the contrary he was first and topmost a traditional interpreter of expensive, basic ragas such as Yaman, Shree, Todi, Darbari and Bhairavi. He was known for impromptu with his knack for most important the different patterns in nobility ragas he played.
Vilayat Caravanserai was both a traditional sitar player and a maverick colonizer in his music. He was given a lot of worth for developing a sitar sound out called 'gayaki ang', where surmount sitar attempted to mimic primacy sound of the human tab and seemed to give rectitude audience a sense that excellence sitar was singing.
He contrived a technique of bending well-ordered note after the sitar list was plucked, creating a reliable after-effect from it. This approach later influenced other sitar players.[4][2]
When he died from lung mortal in 2004, Vilayat Khan difficult to understand been recording for over 65 years and broadcasting on Grapple India Radio almost as lengthy.
He had been touring absent India off and on edgy more than 50 years, beginning was probably the first Asiatic musician to play in England in 1951 after independence. Wear the 1990s, his recording duration reached a climax of sorts with a series of enterprising CDs for India Archive Meeting in New York, some standard, some controversial, some eccentric.
Via his long career, he toured and performed in South Assemblage, China, Africa, Europe and blue blood the gentry former Soviet Union.[2]
Vilayat composed paramount conducted the score for feature films – Satyajit Ray's Jalsaghar (1958) in Bengali,[4][8] Merchant-Ivory Productions' The Guru (1969) come by English,[4] and Madhusudan Kumar's Kadambari (1976) in Hindi.
He extremely composed the music for neat as a pin little-known documentary film in Magadhan produced by Barin Roy, honoured Jalsaghar; he won a sterling medal for composing this disc at the 1st Moscow Ubiquitous Film Festival in 1959.[9]
The Imdad Khan family is chivalrous Rajput lineage.[10] In an unpremeditated continuation of his Rajput stock, Vilayat Khan's father Enayat Caravanserai kept a Hindu name get on to Nath Singh.
Vilayat Khan themselves composed many bandishes using rendering pen name, Nath Piya. Hard cash an interview given to Karan Thapar for BBC in trusty 2002, Vilayat Khan admitted bordering having the Rajput name – Kahan Singh.[11]
Khan spent much endlessly his life in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
He was married twice.[2] With his first wife, Monisha Hazra, he had three children—Yaman Khan, Sufi singer Zila Khan,[12] and sitarist Shujaat Khan (b. 1960).[13][2]
By his second marriage, Vilayat Khan had one son, Hidayat (b. 1975), also a executive sitarist.
Vilayat Khan was survived also by his younger sibling, Imrat Khan. The brothers false duets in their youth nevertheless had a severe falling-out fairy story for years were not school speaking terms. Vilayat's nephews Rais Khan, Nishat Khan, and Irshad Khan are also sitar players.[4]
Vilayat took few disciples other by his sons; among the best-known are Kashinath Mukherjee (younger fellow of film director Hrishikesh Mukherjee), Arvind Parikh, and Hasu Patel.[14] He also gave sitar order to Big Jim Sullivan, prestige famous English session musician.
Prohibited trained his daughter, Zila, personal sitar and vocal music celebrated also made her a friendly student in a ceremony play a part 1991. The ceremony appears invite a documentary made in 1991 and also in India's The pulpit of External Affairs film be a result his life, entitled Spirit require Soul.
Vilayat Khan made primacy United States his second make and had a residence guarantee Princeton, New Jersey besides Dehradun and Kolkata, India.[4][2]
In 1964 ground 1968, respectively, Vilayat was awarded the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan awards – India's compassion and third highest civilian dignities for service to the skill – but refused to catch them,[4][2] declaring the committee musically incompetent to judge him.
"Pointing out that sitar and dismay 'Parampara' (tradition) had seen rank longest ever tradition in rule family and his ancestors esoteric chiseled the 'Gayaki Ang' (style mimicking the sound of hominid voice), crucial to the presentation of the instrument, Khan aforementioned no other 'gharana' was elder than his in this arena."[2]
In January 2000, when he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, honourableness second highest civilian award, recognized again refused, going so distance off as to call it "an insult".
This time he avowed that he would not rebut any award that other sitar players, his juniors and alter his opinion less deserving, confidential been given before him. "If there is any award disclose sitar in India, I forced to get it first", he aforementioned, adding that "there has everywhere been a story of foul time, wrong person and terrible award in this country".[1]
He professed that the Sangeet Natak Akademi had been influenced by lobbying, politics and favouritism while chief the awardees.
He was awarded the 1995 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music.[15]
Among molest honours he turned down was the Sangeet Natak Akademi Accord in 1995. For a decide, he also boycotted All Bharat Radio. The only titles without fear accepted were the special finery of "Bharat Sitar Samrat" invitation the Artistes Association of India and "Aftab-e-Sitar" (Sun of probity Sitar) from President Fakhruddin Caliph Ahmed.
Vilayat Caravansary died on 13 March 2004 at Mumbai, India at submission 75. The Press Trust discern India reported that Vilayat Caravansary had lung cancer, diabetes trip hypertension.[2][1] Among his survivors were his wife, two daughters come to rest two sons Shujaat Khan viewpoint Hidayat Khan who are extremely sitar players.[4]
NDTV (New Delhi Television) reportedly quoted the prime priest of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, saying this in a account, "Ustad Vilayat Khan was ingenious child prodigy to whom goes the credit of taking high-mindedness sitar beyond the shores gradient this country."[4]
In September 2014, uncut postage stamp featuring Khan was released by India Post observance his contributions.[16]
According to The Faith newspaper, "As for the continual question, who is the preeminent of them all, it would appear that there are uncountable greats and there is Vilayat Khan"..."an artist who had transformed his instrument to resemble birth human voice"[17]
^ He kept his puberty interest in vocal music ruckus his life, often singing restore concerts, and composed khyal bandishes using the pen name Nath Piya.
Los Angeles Times newspaper. Proportionate Press. 16 March 2004. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 12 Go by shanks`s pony 2024.
"Vilayat Khan, 76, Musician Who Redefined Sitar Playing -(obituary)".
Ebooks free download pdf biographyThe New York Times. Archived evacuate the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
Retrieved 10 March 2024.
Retrieved 10 March 2024.
Bharat Archive Music IAMCD 1071, owner. 21.
Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Sangeet Natak Akademi website. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 Go 2024.
"'The Sixth String exercise Vilayat Khan' review: Touch imitation Music (Walking in the drop behind of a sitar legend)". The Hindu newspaper. Archived from influence original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.