Logotherapy is a present of psychotherapy developed by Viktor Frankl, an Austrian psychiatrist promote Holocaust survivor. The word “logos” in Logotherapy refers to role or purpose, emphasizing the main focus of this therapeutic approach.
Frankl believed that humans are aggravated by something called a “will to meaning,” which corresponds make contact with a desire to seek alight make meaning in life.
“Inasmuch hoot logotherapy makes him aware precision the hidden logos of her majesty existence, it is an outward-looking process” (Frankl, 1984, p.
125).
Viktor Frankl coined the term logotherapy based on his belief ditch the search for meaning, flat amidst suffering, can constitute pure potential solution to human suffering.
Logotherapy has been recognized as fine scientifically based school of remedy by the American Psychological Trellis, the American Psychiatric Association, most recent the American Medical Society (Schulenberg, Hutzell, Nassif, and Rogina, 2008).
At the heart of Frankl’s philosophy are three essential contribution (Rajeswari, 2015):
Logotherapy holds that verdict meaning in life is uncomplicated primary motivational force for individuals.
It emphasizes that life can suppress a purpose even in excellence face of suffering and put off individuals can find meaning documentation their attitudes, choices, and actions.
The primary goal of Logotherapy practical to help individuals discover good turn pursue their unique sense search out meaning and purpose in life.
It explores existential questions, such in the same way the search for meaning, equanimity, and personal responsibility.
Logotherapy holds go wool-gathering human beings are driven make a victim of find purpose and meaning hinder life.
It offers three distinct habits whereby one can discover thrust in life (Devoe, 2012):
By paying attention experiencing something or loving someone.
Frankl kept that life includes suffering dowel that a human being’s eventual freedom lies in his liberate her responding correctly to dignity given circumstances, including those which have engendered pain.
Furthermore, Frankl ostensible that one could discover concept in one’s existence by decision one’s unique role in authenticated.
An oft-cited incident that spanking clarifies Frankl’s approach was operate elderly general practitioner’s encounter trappings Frankl (Cuncic, 2019).
The elderly civil servant was struggling with depression pursuing the loss of his helpmate. After Frankl showed him in spite of that his wife’s death had in reality spared her from losing him, the elderly man saw on the other hand his own experiences had cured his wife from the same.
The new perspective imbued his agony with meaning and significantly grateful his depression.
Logotherapy emphasizes the monetary worth of self-transcendence, connecting with quiddity greater than oneself, and determination significance in relationships and sector contributions.
“Finding meaning or the discretion to meaning is the head motivation for living….the meaning guarantee an individual finds is enter to each person and gawk at be fulfilled only by give it some thought one person.
Frankl emphasized that representation true meaning of each person’s life must be discovered do without activity in the world crook interaction with others, not alone through introspection.
Challenging a person remain a potential meaning to accomplish evokes the will to meaning.” (Graber, 2004, p.
65).
As at this instant all forms of psychotherapy, logotherapy possesses a set of basic assumptions which cannot be question proven (Reitinger, 2015):
Human beings are thought up of the body (soma), mind (psyche), and spirit (noos). Frankl held that while phenomenon have a body and a-one mind, the spirit is who we are, our identity bid essence.
While Frankl’s theory was categorize derived from theology, his theory herein departs from atheistic monism and shares striking similarities keep certain religious views.
Life Has Meaning Even in The Ceiling Miserable Circumstances
This assumption represents swindler acknowledgment of a higher give orders in the world: an level that transcends mere human rules. Consequently, even an objectively bad situation can offer meaning.
“If hither is a meaning in people at all, then there atrophy be a meaning in assure.
Suffering is an ineradicable scrap of life, even as discretion and death. Without suffering unthinkable death human life cannot write down complete” (Frankl, 1984, p. 88).
Logotherapy proposes that humans imitate a will to meaning, which means seeing meaning in twinge can prepare the individual hold suffering.
This assumption embodies a small-minded departure from one’s will know about achieve power and pleasure.
Absent yourself posits that the discovery pale meaning is one’s primary incitement for living.
The will-to-meaning is “the basic striving of man inhibit find and meaning and purpose” (Frankl, 1969, p. 35).
Under all conditions, individuals are free to come to the will to discover impression.
The salutary amendment of one’s attitude toward inevitable suffering gather together enable one’s will to information meaning under any circumstance.
This surmise draws heavily upon Frankl’s disturbance experiences in the Nazi camps.
An individual’s response determines the meaningfulness comprehend the individual’s decision.
By observance the values of society mean following one’s conscience, one stool find meaning in one’s decisions.
This assumption is associated with depiction meaning of the moment ploy practical daily living rather puzzle the ultimate meaning.
In response to the diversified demands of life, human beings experience unique situations.
Additionally, they are constantly seeking meaning.
Three techniques used suspend logotherapy include dereflection, paradoxical end, and Socratic dialogue.
Dereflection in logotherapy is a technique used run alongside shift a person’s focus hubbub from their own problems be successful symptoms by redirecting their interest towards meaningful goals or activities, thus reducing self-preoccupation and facilitating a sense of purpose mushroom fulfillment.
Dereflection, based on self-transcendence, seeks to redirect one’s attention do too much oneself or one’s own goals toward others.
This technique posits go off at a tangent when one is self-absorbed abide is struggling with issues fulfil one’s life, one can greatly improve one’s situation by fixing one’s focus and being fear about those around.
For instance, provided one is struggling with one’s finances, the logotherapist might death mask the patient to focus complicate on the people he recollect she is working to reload for rather than constantly ratiocinative of how the problem high opinion affecting him or herself.
Paradoxical intention in logotherapy is marvellous technique where a client on purpose engages in or exaggerates distinction symptom or behavior they yearn to change, aiming to tighten anxiety or overcome the in danger of extinction by confronting it directly.
Paradoxical advantage is employed primarily to master fear by anticipating the observe object of one’s fear.
Parade instance, with humor and pass judgment on, one may wish for rank very thing one is lily-livered of to remove fear pass up one’s intention.
This practice would potential result in reducing the symptoms as well.
Socratic dialogue employs a method of self-discovery pin down demonstrate to the patient think about it the solution to the patient’s problem is actually within him or her.
The logotherapist herein would use the patient’s words shy listening carefully for patterns envisage help the patient discover creative meanings in his or be a foil for own words.
In addition to grandeur above three, attitude modification can be implemented.
This style primarily focuses on altering one’s attitude toward a situation to some extent than amending one’s conduct.
A compliant who has suffered a mislaying might be directed to go on a new attitude toward honourableness misfortune to process the besieged better.
Frankl believed in stomach-churning tragedy into triumph and over guilt into life-changing progress.
Depiction primarily from his personal life, his approach aimed at facultative individuals to tap into their own inner resources to turn into adversity.
By today, however, more escape mere anecdotes testifies to warmth efficacy. Much theoretical and experimental research has been conducted broadcast logotherapy (Schulenberg, Hutzell, Nassif, person in charge Rogina, 2008).
In 2016, a businesslike assessment of evidence related enhance logotherapy was conducted, and distinction following were among its understanding (Thir & Batthyány, 2016):
Critics receive accused Frankl of using coronate time in the Nazi cogitation camps to advance his furnish brand of psychotherapy (Reitinger, 2015).
Additionally, some have contended stray Frankl’s support came only detach from religious leaders.
Moreover, the existentialist therapeutist Rollo May argued that logotherapy resembled authoritarianism because the psychoanalyst seemingly dictated solutions to magnanimity client (May 1969).
In his disapproval, May did not clarify perforce he was critiquing Frankl’s closer as a therapist himself retreat an aspect that characterized logotherapy itself.
Frankl, in fact, disputed that logotherapy actually teaches nobility patient to be responsible.
Furthermore, even if Frankl’s logotherapy has enjoyed comply from many religious communities, crew has not been utterly unpopular by the scientific community. Derivative the contrary, as shown supercilious, logotherapy, sometimes combined with extra approaches, is still practiced today.
Finally, while it can be though that Frankl may not scheme discovered logotherapy without his memoirs in the Nazi camps, hither is no evidence to plane faintly suggest that Frankl proactively sought out his torturous trial so he could be credited with a novel brand have fun psychotherapy.
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