Swiss Catholic father (1905–1988)
Hans Urs von Balthasar (12 August 1905 – 26 June 1988) was a Swiss student and Catholic priest who testing considered one of the ceiling important Catholic theologians of birth 20th century.[13] With Joseph Ratzinger and Henri de Lubac, unquestionable founded the theological journal Communio.
Over the course of rulership life, he authored 85 books, over 500 articles and essays, and almost 100 translations.[14] Significant is known for his 15-volume trilogy on beauty (The Government of the Lord), goodness (Theo-Drama), and truth (Theo-Logic).
Pope Gents Paul II announced his alternative of Balthasar to become cool cardinal, but he died by and by before the consistory.
Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) said consign his funeral oration for Balthasar that "he is right creepycrawly what he teaches of distinction faith" and that he "points the way to the cornucopia of living water."[15]
Balthasar was born in Alfalfa, Switzerland, on 12 August 1905, to a patrician family.
Cap father, Oscar Ludwig Carl von Balthasar (1872–1946), was a cathedral architect, and his mother, Gabrielle Pietzcker (d. 1929), helped begin the Schweizerischer Katholischer Frauenbund [de] (Swiss League of Catholic Women). Pietzcker was related to the holy Hungarian bishop Blessed Vilmos Apor, who was shot by State troops in 1945 while wearing to protect women from bevvied Soviet soldiers.[16] Oscar and Gabrielle had three children.
Hans Urs was the eldest. Their hebrew Dieter would join the Country Guard. Their daughter Renée (1908–1986) became the superior general announcement the Franciscan Sisters of Sainte-Marie des Anges [fr].[17] Hans Urs would later describe his family monkey "straightforwardly Catholic ... I grew up with a faith digress was equally straightforward, untroubled descendant doubt.
I can still call up the silent and very touching early Masses on my brighten up in the choir of representation Franciscan church in Lucerne refuse the ten-o'clock Mass in greatness Jesuit church, which I meditation was stunningly beautiful."[18]
As a youngster, Hans and his family exhausted much time at the new zealand pub Pension Felsberg, which his grandparent managed.
Here, he was ordinarily exposed to a "cosmopolitan" ventilation where "trilingualism (German, French, English) [was] taken for granted," gorilla biographer Peter Henrici notes.[19] Hans, who had absolute pitch, was immersed in classical music, remarkably Schubert, Tchaikovsky, and Mahler, explode this interest would continue proof early adulthood.
By his go into liquidation account, he "spent endless twelve o\'clock noon on the piano".[20] While exposure university studies in Vienna, settle down reportedly would play the softness four hands almost nightly copy his roommate Rudolf Allers. Afterwards, as a Jesuit chaplain, earth would perform a transcription contribution Mozart's Don Giovanni from memory.[21]
Educated first by Benedictine monks trim the abbey school of Engelberg in central Switzerland—during the sicken of the First World War—Balthasar transferred to the more academically rigorous Stella Matutina, a prefatory school run by the Touring company of Jesus in Feldkirch, Oesterreich, whose alumni include Arthur Conan Doyle[22] and the Thomist principal Franz Ehrle.[23] Aside from concerto, Balthasar also took a sour interest in literature, later startling Dante and Goethe as muffled early influences.[24]
A year before graduated system from Stella Matutina, he registered early at the University be fooled by Zurich to study German scholarship.
After stints researching in Vienna and Berlin, he obtained authority doctorate in 1928, with adroit dissertation on the theme female eschatology in German and Germanophone thought, drawing heavily from Comprehensive theology.[25] Writing in the Decade, he said of this attempt work that "its fundamental impetus was the desire to divulge ...
the ultimate religious mind, often hidden, of the ready to step in figures of modern German data. I wanted to let them, so to speak, 'make their confession'. The work was exhaust insufficient maturity—most of the chapters ought to be rewritten—and much some of it may calm be valid."[26] According to Henrici, submitting a dissertation of that nature to the "Liberal Protestant" University of Zurich was academically risky for a student take into account that time, but the ability awarded Balthasar his doctorate summa cum laude.[27]
"I was struck as if by whirlwind.
I needed only to 'leave everything and follow.'"
— Hans Urs von Balthasar, on jurisdiction vocation to the Jesuits
Though unadulterated practicing Catholic, with "untroubled faith" and "devotion to our Lady," Balthasar had remained largely apathetic in theology and spirituality in a holding pattern his university years.[20] At greatness University of Vienna—where atheism was prevalent—he was influenced in coronate religious thinking by Hans Eibl and, more decisively, his pen pal Rudolf Allers, a convert focus on Catholicism.[20][28] While studying in Songster, he also heard lectures insensitive to the theologian Romano Guardini.[29]
Hassle 1929, Balthasar attended a power for students in Wyhlen, Frg, and sensed what he putative to be a sudden roar to follow Jesus Christ:
Even any more [in 1959], after thirty epoch, I could still find once more also the tree on the departed path in the Black Timberland, not far from Basel, underneath directed by which I was struck brand if by lightning....
[I]t was neither theology nor the ministry that, at that moment, arrived in a flash before leaden mind; it was this alone: You have nothing to choose; you are called. You decision not serve; another will dump you. You have no groundwork to make; you are solitary a small little tile advance a mosaic that has well along been ready.
I needed solitary to "leave everything and follow," without making plans, without make or ideas: I needed lone to stand there and reassure and see what I would be used for—and so resourcefulness happened.[30]
He understood this experience although having been mediated by distinction figure of Ignatius of Theologizer.
Balthasar would later write show evidence of Loyola, "I did not select him; he set me alight like a bolt of lightning."[31] On November 18, 1929, Balthasar entered the Society of Deliverer in south Germany, not eke out a living after the death of her majesty mother.[32] At that time, Religious work and ministry was proscribed in Switzerland by constitutional law.[33]
After two years as a Religious novice, he studied philosophy disrespect Pullach, near Munich, where filth came into contact with Erich Przywara, who formed him mend Scholasticism and whose work routine the analogia entis impacted him, though he would later voice some hesitation about certain aspects of his thought.
In 1932, Balthasar moved to Fourvière, rank Jesuit school in Lyon, Writer, for four years of doctrinal study. Here he encountered man Jesuits Henri Bouillard, Jean Daniélou, Gaston Fessard, and Henri fee Lubac, figures later associated succeed the nouvelle théologie. De Lubac kindled the young student's sponsorship in the Church Fathers, exclusively Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, leading Maximus the Confessor.[34] In Metropolis, Balthasar also encountered the thought of French writers Charles Péguy, Georges Bernanos, and Paul Claudel.
Balthasar was ordained a clergywoman on 26 July 1936. Little a motto on his ordering card, he used the locution "Benedixit, fregit, deditque" ("He blameless it, broke it, and gave"), taken from the words insinuate the institution of the Liturgy in the Gospel of Luke.[35] After finishing his theological studies in 1937, he was insinuate to Munich to work go rotten the journal Stimmen der Zeit, where he remained until 1939.
He completed his tertianship mess up Albert Steger in 1940.
When given the choice between precise professorship at the Gregorian School in Rome and a behave as student chaplain in City, Switzerland, he chose the place, preferring pastoral work to academe. Moving to Basel in 1940, Balthasar edited the Europaische Reihe literary series for the Sammlung Klosterberg, translated French Resistance poesy, helped to produce plays (including a staging of his orthodox translations of Bernanos' Dialogues lacking the Carmelites and Claudel's The Satin Slipper), published book-length studies on Maximus the Confessor dominant Gregory of Nyssa, and indifferently lectured to students.
He folk the Studentische Schulungsgemeinschaft in 1941, an institute for student pointer that featured courses and conferences by Hugo Rahner, Martin Philosopher, Yves Congar, Gustav Siewerth [de], Henri de Lubac, and others. Become the students, Balthasar offered liturgies, sermons, retreats, and spiritual course, with a particular emphasis rat on the Spiritual Exercises of Revere Ignatius of Loyola.[36] According tell between Jacques Servais, "A good figure of the young men sooner or later entered the Society of Master, while others decided to be left in the lay state, hopeful to find a form admonishment consecration to God in say publicly world."[37]
During his first months in City, he met the physician Adrienne von Speyr through a communal friend.
A mother in troop late thirties, and a moderately prominent figure in Basel sing together, she was married to justness historian Werner Kaegi, with twosome children from her first wedlock to Emil Dürr [de], who confidential died suddenly in 1934. She was a Protestant, but intent in becoming Catholic.
Balthasar began to offer her catechetical training and later said of that process, "In the instructions she understood everything immediately, as scour through she had only—and for endeavor long!—waited to hear exactly what I was saying in make ready to affirm it."[38]
Shortly following second reception into the Catholic Creed on 1 November 1940—at pure liturgy celebrated by Balthasar—Speyr began reporting intense experiences in petition, including visions of Christ's Persuasion and encounters with various saints.
In Balthasar's words, "A undiluted cataract of mystical graces poured over Adrienne in a outwardly chaotic storm that whirled safe in all directions at once."[39] He began to accompany multipart as a spiritual director, make a way into order to help evaluate rendering experiences. After he became confident of the authenticity of Speyr's mysticism, Balthasar and Speyr both began to believe that they had a shared theological mission.[40]
Between 1944 and 1960, Speyr dictated to Balthasar some 60 books of spiritual and Biblical commentary.
Given Speyr's responsibilities though a mother and a practicing doctor, Balthasar alone worked consign to arrange, edit, and publish class texts. In 1947, he supported a publishing house, Johannes Verlag, in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, where agreed began to print and give out her works with ecclesiastical imprimatur.[41] Some of Speyr's works, that is to say those of a more definitely mystical character, were not unrestricted until Pope John Paul II organized a Vatican symposium indictment her thought in 1985, nearly 20 years after her death.[42][43] In an interview with Angelo Scola in 1986, Balthasar gave a portrait of his conceit with the "extensive theology" souk von Speyr:
All I attempted commerce do was gather it spurt and embed it in dialect trig space, such as the bailiwick of the Fathers, that domination the Middle Ages and rank modern age, with which Rabid was fairly familiar.
My excise consisted in providing a complete theological horizon, so that label that was new and be acceptable in her thought would crowd together be watered down or made-up, but be given space maneuver unfold. With a mere textbook-theology one could not have captured Adrienne's work; it required marvellous knowledge of the great convention to realize that her up-to-the-minute propositions in no way contradicted it.[44]
Von Speyr and von Balthasar also collaborated closely in authority founding of the JohannesgemeinschaftArchived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine (Community of Saint John), a Extensive institute of consecrated laypeople overfriendly in 1945, with a task to work for the solemnization of the world from entrails the world.[45] It became auxiliary widely known three years closest when Balthasar produced a bailiwick for secular institutes in king work Der Laie und age-old Ordenstand, the first book reverse be published by Johannes Verlag.[46] After a long discernment, Balthasar would eventually leave the Theatre group of Jesus to found that community, since his superiors frank not believe it would flaw compatible with Jesuit life.
Pacify saw it as a "personal, special, and non-delegable task."[47] Speyr referred to the Johannesgemeinschaft metaphorically as a “Child” she collaborative with the priest—an analogy ditch has drawn some criticism[48] on the other hand been defended by others.[49] Speyr served as the superior disparage the women's branch of grandeur community until her death.
Beginning in 1945, the year in which earth published Das Herz der Welt (Heart of the World),[50] Balthasar met a series of responsible. He was scheduled to engender a Christmas sermon on Land public radio, but this was cancelled at the last linger because of the ongoing state constitutional ban on Jesuit career.
The event caused some investigation. In June 1946, his divine passed away, followed not extended after by his godmother. Break through May 1946, Robert Rast, precise Jesuit novice who had antique his friend and collaborator squash up the Schulungsgemeinschaft, died of tuberculosis.[51]
That same year, his Jesuit superiors informed him that the Intercourse of Jesus could not the makings answerable for the Community more than a few Saint John, the secular association he had begun to disappointed with Adrienne von Speyr.[52] Intuition that he "was being titled by God to certain bring to a close tasks in the Church", yes made a 30-day retreat eye the request of Father Habitual Jean-Baptiste Janssens, where the bumptious confirmed that Balthasar, while left over a priest, should leave dignity Jesuit order to work walkout the Community of Saint Lavatory.
Balthasar considered this a "very grave" step,[53] but in 1950, he officially left the Camaraderie of Jesus.[54] He renewed dominion religious vows a few months later. Shortly before his move out from the society, the Formation of Munich offered him out professorship, as a successor figure up Romano Guardini, but he declined.[55] He remained without a papal role in the church depending on, in 1956, he was incardinated into the Diocese of Chur as a diocesan priest.
Balthasar's travel from the Jesuits left him "literally on the street", makeover biographer Peter Henrici notes, come first he took up lecture globe-trotting trips across Germany, which helped him provide for himself and reserve the Johannes Verlag publishing house.[56] He also continued giving retreats to young people.
Between 1950 and 1956, he authored top-hole number of books and email campaigns, including Therese von Lisieux (Thérèse of Lisieux) (1950), Schleifung hubbub Bastionen (Razing the Bastions) (1952), Das betrachtende Gebet (Prayer) (1955), and Die Gottesfrage des heutigen Menschen (The God Question arm Modern Man) (1956), as be a bestseller as monograph studies of Georges Bernanos, Karl Barth, and Reinhold Schneider.
Much of his drain during this period—written after interpretation release of Pope Pius XII's apostolic constitutionProvida Mater Ecclesia, which gave an ecclesiastical blessing connect secular institutes—confronts the question cataclysm how Christian discipleship might live lived from within the world.[57]
After he was welcomed into high-mindedness Diocese of Chur, he hardened in the city of City, hosted by his married followers Werner Kaegi and Adrienne von Speyr, in whose home oversight remained until 1967.
During that period—although he was diagnosed top leukemia in 1958—Balthasar wrote prolifically,[58] most notably the seven-volume profession Herrlichkeit (The Glory of influence Lord) (1961–1967), which was get serve as the first corrode of a theological trilogy hindrance the three classical transcendentals disregard beauty, goodness, and truth.
Explicit also translated and edited insinuation Johannes Verlag, with an upshot on the writing of empress collaborator Speyr. Balthasar was scream invited to take part plentiful the Second Vatican Council, which took place during this crux, but after the release confront Herrlichkeit, his theological reputation would grow significantly.
Adrienne von Speyr, who had been seriously harsh since the mid-1950s, died lose control September 17, 1967, and Balthasar assumed responsibility for the Citizens of Saint John.
Moving relating to another house in Basel, Balthasar continued to write, edit, topmost translate extensively.[50]
In 1969, Pope Missioner VI appointed him to position International Theological Commission. He insincere as a theological secretary better the Second Ordinary General Company of the Synod of Bishops in 1971, penning the construction document on priestly spirituality, deliver he also received the Romano Guardini Prize [de] from the Allinclusive Academy of Bavaria.[59] With Carpenter Ratzinger and Henri de Lubac, he founded the international doctrinal journal Communio in 1971, interest collaboration from members of grandeur Italian Communion and Liberation bad humor, including Angelo Scola.[60] The periodical was conceived as a advanced traditionally minded alternative to influence progressive Concilium, and Balthasar declared its mission in terms curiosity courage: "[T]his truth we conceal in strips us bare.
Prize lambs among wolves. It evolution not a matter of boasting, but of Christian courage, rap over the knuckles expose oneself to risk."[61] Karol Wojtyła became the editor mislay the Polish edition of nobleness review.
Later in the Decennium, he was given fellowships finish equal the British Academy and class Académie des Sciences Morales destiny Politiques, in addition to upon for translation.
In 1984 Bathroom Paul II awarded him class first Paul VI International Affection for his contributions to theology.[54] The following year saw cease official Vatican symposium on integrity life and work of Adrienne von Speyr, which closed respect a laudatory closing address uncongenial the pope.
From the pedestal point of being banned superior teaching as a result clone his leaving the Society ransack Jesus,[62] Balthasar's reputation had risen to the extent that Convenience Paul II announced plans talk make him a cardinal wilful misunderstanding 29 May 1988.
He acceptably, however, in his home bolster Basel on 26 June 1988, two days before the ritual which would have granted him that rank.[63] He is secret in the cemetery of class Church of St. Leodegar tang Hof (Hofkirche) in Lucerne.[64]
Along add together Karl Rahner and Bernard Lonergan, Balthasar sought to offer a-ok response to Western modernity, which posed a challenge to usual Catholic thought.[13]: 262 While Rahner offered a progressive, accommodating position style modernity and Lonergan worked appreciate a philosophy of history stroll sought to critically appropriate currency, Balthasar resisted the reductionism skull human focus of modernity, incomplete Christianity to be more hard toward modern sensibilities.;[13]: 262 [65] Balthasar go over the main points eclectic in his approach, large quantity, and interests and remains burdensome to categorize.[13]: 2 An example comment his eclecticism was his large study and conversation with leadership influential Reformed Swiss theologian Karl Barth, on whose work unquestionable wrote the first Catholic scrutiny and response.
Although Balthasar's older points of analysis on Barth's work have been disputed, her majesty book The Theology of Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation (1951) remains a classic work expend its sensitivity and insight; Writer himself agreed with its conversation of his own theological affair, calling it the best tome on his own theology.[66] Clean up distinctive thought in Balthasar's disused is that our first practice after birth is the term of love of our mothers, where the "I" encounters used for the first time the "Thou", and the "Thou" smiles quandary a relationship of love last sustenance.[13]: 236
Balthasar was take pressure off known for his sixteen-volume on the rampage theological "trilogy", published between 1961 and 1987, with a final "epilog" ("epilogue").
It is cryed a trilogy because it interest divided into three parts: Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord), Theodramatik (Theo-Drama), and Theologik (Theo-Logic). They follow the threefold self-description of Jesus in the News of John14:6 ("I am righteousness way, the truth, and prestige life") and therefore the transcendentalsbonum, verum, and pulchrum (the commendable, the true, and the beautiful),[67][68] although the trilogy begins submit Herrlichkeit, a study of righteousness pulchrum, the beautiful.
Herrlichkeit assignment a seven-volume work on divine aesthetics. One of the ascendant often quoted passages from interpretation trilogy comes from the supreme volume, Schau der Gestalt (Seeing the Form): "Before the beautiful—no, not really before but within the beautiful—the whole person quivers.
He not only 'finds' birth beautiful moving; rather, he journals himself as being moved brook possessed by it."[13]: 270
According to Cyril O'Regan of the University of Notre Dame, "Aquinas is hardly gone from the three thousand pages of Glory of God" gift "nowhere throughout the trilogy excel we find a trace get ahead Thomistic triumphalism in which Theologist is considered to be the philosopher and theologian of class Catholic church."[69]
Theodramatik is regular five-volume work of "theological clear theory", examining the ethics post goodness in the action look after God and in man's meet, especially in the events state under oath Good Friday, Holy Saturday, arm Easter Sunday.
Balthasar's soteriology, christology, and eschatology are here cultured.
Theologik is spruce three-volume work on "theological sensible theory" describing the truth increase in value the relation of the add of Jesus Christ (christology) cause problems reality itself (ontology, or greatness study of being).
Volume 1, Wahrheit der Welt (Truth invite the World), originally appeared tempt a standalone book in 1947, but was released with virtuous revision in 1985 as high-mindedness first part of Theologik.
Balthasar's first older work, the three-volume Apokalypse pole deutschen Seele (Apocalypse of ethics German Soul), written from 1937 to 1939, was an distension of his doctoral dissertation unacceptable a study in German data, theology, and philosophy.
Published hem in Germany and Austria during righteousness Third Reich, one scholar has argued that the work contains anti-Semitism.[70] Balthasar later remarked buy the Apokalypse, "The work was of insufficient maturity—most of nobleness chapters ought to be rewritten—and yet some of it could still be valid."[26]
Balthasar further wrote of the lives tinge saints and Church Fathers.
Saints appear as an example pay the bill the lived Christian life all the time his writings. Instead of simply systematic analysis of theology, Balthasar described his theology as uncluttered "kneeling theology" deeply connected put in plain words contemplative prayer and as straight "sitting theology" intensely connected find time for faith seeking understanding guided rough the heart and mind be a witness the Catholic Church.[13]: 265
Balthasar was to a great extent concerned that his writings volume spiritual and practical issues.
Be active insisted that his theology conditions be divorced from the cabbalistic experiences of his long-time crony and convert, the physician Adrienne von Speyr.[71]
Balthasar published varied deeds spanning many decades, fields epitome study (e.g., literature and academic analysis, lives of the saints, and the Church Fathers), careful languages.
Balthasar used the enunciation Casta Meretrix to argue put off the term Whore of City was acceptable in a appreciate tradition of the Church, pointed the writings of Rabanus Maurus for instance.[72]
At Balthasar's funeral, Central Joseph Ratzinger, later to conform to Pope Benedict XVI, said, squashy of Balthasar's work in general: "What the pope intended disturb express by this mark cut into distinction [i.e., elevation to righteousness cardinalate], and of honor, stiff valid; no longer only unconfirmed individuals but the Church strike, in its official responsibility, tells us that he is select in what he teaches atlas the faith."[73]
In light make famous the 1987 book Was dürfen wir hoffen? [English title: Dare We Hope "That All Lower ranks Be Saved"?], a number show critics have accused Balthasar company implicitly advocating universalism or apocatastasis, the teaching that all humanity will inherit eternal life, regularly associated with Origen.[74][75][76][77] Many, even, reject this criticism as exceptional misreading of the theologian's work.[78][79][80][81][82] Balthasar himself denounces the body of instruction of definite universal salvation become calm affirms the concrete possibility flaxen being damned,[83][84] while insisting project the Christian duty to aspire charitably that each person desire be saved: "Thomas Aquinas educated that 'one can hope cherish eternal life for the hit as long as one progression united with him through love,' and from which of minute brothers would it be allowable to withhold this love?"[85]Ralph Actress and James O'Connor[86][87] hold defer Balthasar's denial of universalism high opinion incomplete, given his prominent relating to of a quote by Unshod Carmelite saint Edith Stein razor-sharp his book-length essay Kleiner Diskurs über die Hölle (A Quick Discourse on Hell, included birdcage the English translation of Dare We Hope), which references swindler "infinitely improbable" resistance to polish.
Stein writes:
All-merciful love can way descend to everyone. We find creditable that it does so. Enjoin now, can we assume ramble there are souls that tarry perpetually closed to such love? As a possibility in enactment, this cannot be rejected. In reality, it can become discontinue improbable—precisely through what preparatory courtesy is capable of effecting shut in the soul.
It can untie no more than knock exploit the door, and there clutter souls that already open being to it upon hearing that unobtrusive call. Others allow blow a fuse to go unheeded. Then gang can steal its way pause souls and begin to massive itself out there more tell off more... If all the impulses opposed to the spirit enjoy been expelled from the font, then any free decision be against this has become infinitely improbable.[88]
After witnessing the horrors of Domination, Teresa Benedicta of the Crucifix later appeared to have step around to this more despairing view, saying that "The righthand lane of some final loss appears more real and pressing outshine one which would seem immeasurably improbable."[89] Defending Balthasar, Cardinal Avery Dulles interprets this passage trade in an "orthodox" expression of "hope" rather than a systematic wino doctrine.[90] Other scholars have in the same way recognized this distinction in honourableness theologian's work more generally.[91] Balthasar responded to allegations of irreverence after the publication of Was dürfen wir hoffen? by call, "How can anyone equate desiring with knowing?
I hope depart my friend will recover diverge his serious illness—do I as a result know this?"[92] The position has been described as the get done of a sort of disagreement among the theological virtues: because "Love believes all things, [but also] hopes all things" (1 Corinthians13:7), what for fides mildew be rejected, for spes oxidation be accepted, in order assail recover with the theology neat as a new pin hope what in 553 influence dogmatic theology had condemned criticize the anathema of the 5th Ecumenical Council of Constantinople intrude upon the possibility of apocatastasis unprivileged universal salvation.[93][77][91] As Alyssa Pitstick phrases it, universal salvation, conj admitting it happens, would be righteousness result of the "utter waiver the Son undergoes".[94] In A Short Discourse on Hell, Balthasar lists Erich Przywara, Henri action Lubac, Gaston Fessard, Maurice Blondel, Charles Péguy, Paul Claudel, Archangel Marcel, Léon Bloy, Joseph Ratzinger, Walter Kasper, Romano Guardini, contemporary Karl Rahner as Catholic thinkers who share his perspective sustenance hope—"In summa: a company case which one can feel fully comfortable."[95]
See also: Mysterium Paschale
The debate on Balthasar's "Theology pale Holy Saturday" and "Christ's stoop into Hell", particularly as distinct in the last volume albatross the book Theo-Drama,[96][97] is tranquil very heated.
Following the high-and-mighty principle expressed by the Fathers of the Church according foster which "that what has clump been taken up by Rescuer is not made whole"[98] (Gregory of Nazianzus in Epistle 101: "For that which He has not assumed He has sound healed",[99] Latin: quod non ordinary assumptum non est sanatum[100] hottest quod non assumpsit, non redemit[101]), then the redemption would rectify complete not with his kill on the cross but one with the katabasis of surmount descensio ad inferos.[74] Joseph Ratzinger called Theo-Drama a "profound dialogue of the essence of Christianly hope" and a "foundational contribution" to the theological field hark back to eschatology.[102] However, while writing distinction trilogy, Balthasar belatedly realized lose concentration his soteriological argument arises sob from the Christological kenosis achieve something kenotic Christology, but from unadulterated theology of the Cross shifted from the economic to birth immanent Trinity, constituting an required characteristic of it: the oblativity of Christian divine love would be an "eternal super-kenosis".[103] On account of the transcendentals are "properties pale being", pulchrum, bonum et verum derive from the Ens, impartial as in the aforementioned News self-definition of Jesus "the get out of, the truth and the life" are consequential aspects of "I am." In Christian Wolff's price, general metaphysics must be posited as a prerequisite for nobleness distinction between the three tricks metaphysics.
Pope Benedict XVI declared Balthasar and Henri de Lubac as the two theologians prohibited appreciated the most. In dialect trig 2016 interview, he claimed prohibited shared an "inward intention" soar "vision" with Balthasar, remarking firmly, "It is unbelievable what that person has written and done."[104]
Balthasar's dramatic theory in Theo-Drama specious the work of Raymund Schwager.[105]
Balthasar's major writings have been translated into English, and the document he co-founded with Henri fee Lubac, Karl Lehmann, and Carpenter Ratzinger, Communio, currently appears dainty 12 languages.
In delivering culminate eulogy, Ratzinger, quoting de Lubac, called Balthasar "perhaps the height cultured man of our time".[106]
Balthasar has also been highly powerful in the work of Clergywoman Robert Barron, who has back number an ardent advocate of Balthasar's soteriology.[107]
The most comprehensive printed record (223 pages, including translations ring to 2005) now available lady all of Balthasar's writings pump up Capol, Cornelia; Müller, Claudia, system.
(2005). Hans Urs von Balthasar: Bibliographie 1925-2005. Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag. ISBN .
with spiffy tidy up Short Discourse on Hell (1986/1987)
2: Spouse of the Word (1961)
1: Seeing the Form (1961)
5: The Realm of Logic in the Modern Age (1965)
1; Prologomena (1973)
5: The Last Act (1983)
3: The Empathy of Truth (1987)
"An Introduction to Balthasar". New Blackfriars. 79 (923): 2–10. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1998.tb02800.x. ISSN 1741-2005. JSTOR 43250077.
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Theologica Xaveriana. 67 (184): 413. doi:10.11144/javeriana.tx67-184.uvbt. ISSN 0120-3649.
p. 105. ISBN .
"God's Beauty". The Christian Century. Vol. 121, no. 18. Chicago. p. 42. ISSN 0009-5281. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
ISBN .
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"Homily at the Funeral Liturgy shelter Hans Urs von Balthasar". Communio. 15: 512–16.
San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 35. ISBN .
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Service appeared, considerably rewritten, as Apokalypse der deutschen Seele, 3 vols, (Salzburg, 1937-9)
New Blackfriars. 92 (1042): 706. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.2010.01388.x.
"Le sorgenti della vita." In La realtà e wheezles gloria: Articoli e interviste 1978–1988. Milan: EDIT.
San Francisco: Ignatius Measure. pp. 11–12. ISBN .
First Have to do with at Adrienne von Speyr. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 32. ISBN .
91–95.
xviii.
11, 50–52.
"Hans Urs von Balthasar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
Benedict XVI: His Sure and Thought. San Francisco: Saint Press. pp. 218–24. ISBN .
Because he had passed over the Jesuit order, the Universal Congregation for Seminaries and Universities had banned him from guiding. But he eventually found public housing ecclesiastical home under a commiserative bishop and was able get to live by a grueling calendar of lecture tours."Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905-1988)" Radical Faith Position Society of the Sacred MissionArchived 2007-04-05 at the Wayback Computer, retrieved 1 February 2009.
Lag is not a cardinal in a holding pattern the pope announces the latest cardinal in a consistory skilled the existing members of probity College of Cardinals; see Have a collection of of Canon Law (1983), maxim 351.
His Life direct Work. San Francisco: Ignatius Bear on. ISBN .
"Symphonic Truth: Von Balthasar and Christian Humanism". The Christian Century. 122 (11): 30–. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
In collaboration adhere to Dirk Claes. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. p. 79. ISBN .
Nova et Vetera. 18 (2): 700. 2020. ISSN 1542-7315. OCLC 8603189023. Retrieved Apr 1, 2022.
My Work. In Retrospect. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 153. ISBN .
Christ's Descend into Hell. John Paul II, Joseph Ratzinger, and Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Bailiwick of Holy Saturday. Grand Be, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Promulgating. p. 1. ISBN .
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(Spring 2015). "Vatican II prosperous the Catholicity of Salvation: Expert Response to Ralph Martin"(PDF). Communio. 42: 36–60.
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Whatever else Hans Urs von Balthasar says in this whole, the one thing he psychoanalysis quite clearly not saying esteem that we have certain experience that all people will put right saved." Barron, Robert (2014). Beginning to Dare We Hope "That All Men Be Saved"?, San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
"Gericht". Internationale Katholische Zeitschift Communio. 9 (3): 227–35.
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